Hello everyone,
I hope you all had a wonderful New Year and have recovered from too much booze by now. Today I would like to write a little about some photography basics, which will be hopefully helpful to the beginners ( not only in macro but in general ). Please make sure to always check out prior AR News from me (permanent linked with an FaQ link in every journal - see below under macro - news ) before asking me any questions, most of them can be answered by reading previous articles. Also make sure to check the bottom of this journal to read about latest news or important journals and contests. Ok now to the photography part ......
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Get out of the auto mode on your digital camera and use manual mode !
Exposure - The 3 Elements to make an image’s exposure work
Aperture : the size of the opening in the lens when a picture is taken
Shutter Speed : the amount of time that the shutter is open
ISO : the measure of a digital camera sensor’s sensitivity to light
Changing one of the elements will impact the others. This means that you should always pay attention to all 3 elements and never isolate one of them( changing aperture changes the depth of field, changing ISO changes the graininess of a shot and changing shutter speed impacts how motion is captured).
Aperture :
Aperture is the size of the opening in the lens while you take a picture. Aperture is measured in ‘f-stops’ (f/number) e.g.f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6,f/8,f/22 etc.When changing aperture, the most noticeable result will be the Depth of Field. Large depth of field (small aperture, large f/number) means that most of your image will be in focus whether it’s close to your camera or far away. Small (or shallow) depth of field (large aperture, small f/number) means that only part of the image will be in focus and the rest will be blurry.
Small numbers mean small DOF and large numbers mean large DOF !
I have written a journal about aperture before please check
Aperture in Macro Photography .
Shutter Speed :
in digital photography shutter speed is the length of time your shutter is open and your image sensor sees the scene you’re capturing. Shutter speed is measured in seconds or in fractions of seconds. The bigger the denominator the faster the speed ( 1/ 640 is much faster than 1/30 ). When shooting with slower shutter speed it is highly recommended to use a tripod, because a slow shutter most likely causes camera shake ( you are more likely to move the camera when shooting with a slow shutter ).
Shutter speeds on your camera approximately double with each setting e.g. 1/500, 1/250, 1/125, 1/60, 1/30, 1/15, 1/8 etc. Keep this in mind as aperture settings also double the amount of light that is let in - as a result increasing shutter speed by one stop and decreasing aperture by one stop should give you similar exposure levels. A very slow shutter speeds for example 1 second, 10 seconds, 30 seconds etc. are used in very low light situations, or to achieve a special effects and/or when you’re trying to capture a lot of movement in a shot. Faster shutter speed will freeze the movement.
Choosing the right ISO :
When you choose your ISO on your camera you need to pay attention the conditions you are shooting in, that means ask yourself ...
- under which light conditions am I shooting ?
- do I want a grainy image or what that is free of noise ?
- is the subject moving or is it stationary ?
- do I use a tripod ?
If there is plenty of light, you don’t want grain, you use a tripod and the subject is stationary, you can use a pretty low ISO rating.
If it’s dark, you want grain, you don’t have a tripod and/or my subject is moving, you should consider increasing the ISO as it will enable me to shoot with a faster shutter speed and still expose the shot well (increase in ISO will give you noisier shots).
I tried to keep this short that you don't have too much reading to do. You might want to check out
[link] and play around with aperture, shutter and ISO to see the different results you are getting by changing one or all 3 elements.
Thanks for reading !
AR News : Macro Photography V 
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